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PROVIDE "measures.a4l"; |
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|
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(* |
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* measures.a4l |
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* by Tom Epperly and Ben Allan |
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* Part of the ASCEND Library |
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* $Date: 1998/08/17 13:07:04 $ |
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* $Revision: 1.5 $ |
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* $Author: ballan $ |
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* $Source: /afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/ascend/Repository/models/measures.a4l,v $ |
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* |
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* This file is part of the ASCEND Modeling Library. |
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* |
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* This provides common unit definitions. The user may write additional |
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* files of unit definitions particular to their problem or site. |
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* |
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* Copyright (C) 1997 Carnegie Mellon University. |
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* |
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* The ASCEND Modeling Library is free software; you can redistribute |
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* it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public |
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* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either |
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* version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. |
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* |
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* The ASCEND Modeling Library is distributed in hope that it will be |
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* useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied |
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* warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. |
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* See the GNU General Public License for more details. |
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* |
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* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
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* along with the program; if not, write to the Free Software |
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* Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Check |
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* the file named COPYING. |
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*) |
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|
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(* |
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* Units input file |
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* by Tom Epperly |
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* Copyright(C) 1990 Thomas Guthrie Epperly |
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* Copyright(C) 1994-1997 Carnegie Mellon University |
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* |
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* This is a file defining the conversion factors ASCEND will recognize when |
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* it sees them as {units). Note that the assignment x:= 0.5 {100};; yields |
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* x == 50, and that there are no 'offset conversions,' e.g. F=9/5C+32; |
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* Added money which isn't really time 3-94 BAA |
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* Expanded, including some of Karl's units, constants. 4-94 BAA |
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* Updated with supplementary SI dimensions and less ambiguous mole dim. jz/baa |
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* |
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* Please keep unit names to 20 characters or less as this makes life pretty. |
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* This is not a hard limit however. |
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* |
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* The root system units in SI MKS system are set in the C code to: |
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* unitname DIMENSION |
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* define kilogram M; internal mass unit SI |
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* define mole Q; internal quantity unit SI |
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* define second T; internal time unit SI |
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* define meter L; internal length unit SI |
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* define Kelvin TMP; internal temperature unit SI |
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* define currency C; internal currency unit |
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* define ampere E; internal electric current unit SI suggested |
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* define candela LUM; internal luminous intensity unit SI |
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* define radian P; internal plane angle unit SI suggested |
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* define steradian S; internal solid angle unit SI suggested |
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*) |
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|
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UNITS |
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|
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(* distance *) |
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|
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pc = {3.08374e+16*meter}; |
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parsec = {pc}; |
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kpc = {1000*pc}; |
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Mpc = {1e6*pc}; |
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km = {meter*1000}; |
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m = {meter}; |
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dm = {meter/10}; |
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cm = {meter/100}; |
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mm = {meter/1000}; |
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um = {meter/1000000}; |
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nm = {1.e-9*meter}; |
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kilometer = {km}; |
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centimeter = {cm}; |
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millimeter = {mm}; |
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micron = {um}; |
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nanometer = {nm}; |
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angstrom = {m/1e10}; |
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fermi = {m/1e15}; |
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|
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mi = {1609.344*meter}; |
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yd = {0.914412*meter}; |
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ft = {0.304804*meter}; |
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inch = {0.0254*meter}; |
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mile = {mi}; |
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yard = {yd}; |
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feet = {ft}; |
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foot = {ft}; |
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in = {inch}; |
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|
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(* mass *) |
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|
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kg = {kilogram}; |
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g = {kilogram/1000}; |
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gram = {g}; |
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mg = {g/1000}; |
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milligram = {mg}; |
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ug= {kilogram*1e-9}; |
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microgram= {ug}; |
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ng= {kilogram*1e-12}; |
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nanogram= {ng}; |
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pg= {kilogram*1e-15}; |
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picogram= {pg}; |
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|
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tonne = {kilogram *1000}; (* reference on tonne: http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/appenB8.html *) |
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t = {tonne}; |
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kilotonne = {tonne*1000}; |
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kt = {kilotonne}; |
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megatonne = {tonne*1e6}; |
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Mt = {megatonne}; |
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gigatonne = {tonne*1e9}; |
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Gt = {gigatonne}; |
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|
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amu = {1.661e-27*kilogram}; |
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lbm = {4.535924e-1*kilogram}; |
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ton = {lbm*2000}; |
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oz = {0.028349525*kilogram}; |
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slug = {14.5939*kilogram}; |
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|
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(* time *) |
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|
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yr = {31557600*second}; |
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wk = {604800*second}; |
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dy = {86400*second}; |
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hr = {3600*second}; |
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min = {60*second}; |
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sec = {second}; |
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s = {second}; |
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ms = {second/1000}; |
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us = {second/1e6}; |
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ns = {second/1e9}; |
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ps = {second/1e12}; |
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year = {yr}; |
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week = {wk}; |
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day = {dy}; |
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hour = {hr}; |
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minute = {min}; |
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millisecond = {ms}; |
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microsecond = {us}; |
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nanosecond = {ns}; |
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picosecond = {ps}; |
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|
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(* molecular quantities *) |
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|
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kg_mole= {1000*mole}; |
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g_mole = {mole}; |
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gm_mole = {mole}; |
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kmol = {1000*mole}; |
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mol = {mole}; |
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mmol = {mole/1000}; |
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millimole= {mmol}; |
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umol = {mole/1e6}; |
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micromole= {umol}; |
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lb_mole = {4.535924e+2*mole}; |
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|
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(* temperature *) |
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|
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K = {Kelvin}; |
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R = {5*Kelvin/9}; |
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Rankine = {R}; |
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|
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(* money *) |
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|
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(* PLEASE USE ISO 4127 CURRENCY CODES FOR ALL MONEY UNITS *) |
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USD = {currency}; |
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CR = {currency}; |
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credits= {currency}; |
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(* the following two are historic and should not be used in future *) |
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USdollar = {currency}; |
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US = {currency}; |
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|
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(* reciprocal time (frequency) *) |
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|
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rev = {1.0}; |
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cycle = {rev}; |
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rpm = {rev/minute}; |
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rps = {rev/second}; |
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hertz = {cycle/second}; |
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Hz = {hertz}; |
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|
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(* area *) |
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|
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ha = {meter^2*10000}; |
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hectare= {ha}; |
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acre= {meter^2*4046.856}; |
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|
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(* volume *) |
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|
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L = {meter^3/1000}; |
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l = {L}; |
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litre = {L}; |
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liter = {L}; |
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mL = {L/1000}; |
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ml = {L/1000}; |
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ul = {L/1e6}; |
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uL = {L/1e6}; |
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milliliter = {ml}; |
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millilitre = {mL}; |
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microliter = {ul}; |
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microlitre = {uL}; |
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|
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hogshead= {2.384809e-1*meter^3}; |
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cuft = {0.02831698*meter^3}; |
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impgal = {4.52837e-3*meter^3}; |
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gal = {3.785412e-3*meter^3}; |
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barrel = {42.0*gal}; |
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gallon = {gal}; |
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quart = {gal/4}; |
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pint = {gal/8}; |
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cup = {gal/16}; |
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floz = {gal/128}; |
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|
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(* force *) |
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|
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N = {kilogram*meter/second^2}; |
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newton = {N}; |
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dyne = {N*1.0e-5}; |
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EN = {1e18*N}; |
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PN = {1e15*N}; |
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TN = {1e12*N}; |
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GN = {1e9*N}; |
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MN = {1e6*N}; |
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kN = {1000*N}; |
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mN= {N*1e-3}; |
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uN= {N*1e-6}; |
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nN= {N*1e-9}; |
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pN= {N*1e-12}; |
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fN= {N*1e-15}; |
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aN= {N*1e-18}; |
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milliNewton= {mN}; |
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microNewton= {uN}; |
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nanoNewton= {nN}; |
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picoNewton= {pN}; |
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femtoNewton= {fN}; |
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attoNewton= {aN}; |
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|
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lbf = {N*4.448221}; |
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|
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(* pressure *) |
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|
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Pa = {kilogram/meter/second^2}; |
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MPa = {1.0e+6*Pa}; |
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bar = {1.0e+5*Pa}; |
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kPa = {1000*Pa}; |
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pascal = {Pa}; |
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|
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atm = {Pa*101325.0}; |
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mmHg = {133.322*Pa}; |
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torr = {133.322*Pa}; |
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psia = {6894.733*Pa}; |
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psi = {psia}; |
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ftH2O = {2989*Pa}; |
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|
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(* energy *) |
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|
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J = {kilogram*meter^2/second^2}; |
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joule = {J}; |
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MJ = {J * 1000000}; |
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kJ = {J * 1000}; |
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mJ= {J*1.0e-3}; |
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uJ= {J*1.0e-6}; |
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nJ= {J*1.0e-9}; |
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milliJoule= {mJ}; |
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microJoule= {uJ}; |
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nanoJoule= {nJ}; |
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erg = {J*1.0e-7}; |
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|
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BTU = {1055.056*J}; |
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pCu = {BTU * 1.8}; |
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cal = {J*4.18393}; |
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calorie = {cal}; |
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kcal= {1000*calorie}; |
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Cal= {1000*calorie}; |
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|
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(* power *) |
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|
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W = {J/second}; |
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EW = {1.0e+18*W}; |
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PW = {1.0e+15*W}; |
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TW = {1.0e+12*W}; |
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GW = {1.0e+9*W}; |
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MW = {1.0e+6*W}; |
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kW = {1000*W}; |
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mW = {W/1e3}; |
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uW = {W/1e6}; |
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nW = {W/1e9}; |
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pW = {W/1e12}; |
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fW = {W/1e15}; |
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aW = {W/1e18}; |
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terawatt = {TW}; |
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gigawatt = {GW}; |
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megawatt = {MW}; |
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kilowatt = {kW}; |
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watt = {W}; |
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milliwatt = {mW}; |
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microwatt = {uW}; |
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nanowatt = {nW}; |
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picowatt = {pW}; |
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femtowatt = {fW}; |
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attowatt = {aW}; |
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aWW= {1*EW}; (* we could say art has a lot of power *) |
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|
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hp= {7.456998e+2*W}; |
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|
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(* absolute viscosity *) |
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|
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poise = {Pa*s/10}; |
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cP = {poise/100}; |
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|
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(* electric charge *) |
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|
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coulomb= {ampere*second}; |
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C = {coulomb}; |
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coul = {coulomb}; |
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mC = {0.001*C}; |
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uC = {1e-6*C}; |
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nC = {1e-9*C}; |
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pC = {1e-12*C}; |
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|
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(* misc electro-magnetic fun *) |
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|
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V = {kilogram*meter^2/second^3/ampere}; |
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F = {ampere^2*second^4/kilogram/meter^2}; |
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ohm = {kilogram*meter^2/second^3/ampere^2}; |
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mho = {ampere^2*second^3/kilogram/meter^2}; |
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S = {mho}; |
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siemens = {S}; |
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A= {ampere}; |
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amp = {ampere}; |
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volt = {V}; |
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farad= {F}; |
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mA= {A/1000}; |
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uA= {A/1000000}; |
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kV= {1000*V}; |
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MV= {1e6*V}; |
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mV= {V/1000}; |
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mF = {0.001*F}; |
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uF = {1e-6*F}; |
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nF = {1e-9*F}; |
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pF = {1e-12*F}; |
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kohm = {1000*ohm}; |
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Mohm = {1e6*ohm}; |
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kS = {1000*S}; |
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mS = {0.001*S}; |
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uS = {1e-6*S}; |
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Wb = {V*second}; |
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weber = {Wb}; |
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tesla = {Wb/m^2}; |
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gauss = {1e-4*tesla}; |
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H = {Wb/A}; |
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henry = {H}; |
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mH = {0.001*H}; |
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uH = {1e-6*H}; |
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|
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(* |
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* numeric constants of some interest |
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* to set a variable or constant to these, the code is (in the declarations) |
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* ATOM constant REFINES real; END constant; |
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* MODEL gizmo; |
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* x IS_A constant; |
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* x := 1 {PI}; |
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* ... |
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*) |
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molecule = {1.0}; |
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PI= {3.1415926535897932385}; (* Circumference/Diameter ratio *) |
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EULER_C = {0.57721566490153286}; (* euler gamma *) |
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GOLDEN_C = {1.618033988749894}; (* golden ratio *) |
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HBAR = {1.055e-34*J*second}; (* Reduced planck's constant *) |
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PLANCK_C = {2*PI*HBAR}; (* Planck's constant *) |
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LIGHT_C = {2.99793e8 * meter/second}; (* Speed of light in vacuum *) |
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MU0 = {4e-7*PI*kg*m/C/C}; (* Permeability of free space *) |
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EPSILON0 = {1/LIGHT_C/LIGHT_C/MU0}; (* Permittivity of free space *) |
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BOLTZMAN_C = {1.3805e-23 * J/K}; (* Boltzman's constant *) |
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SIGMA_C = {5.670e-8 * W/m^2/K^4 }; (* Stefan-Boltzmann constant |
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- blackbody radiation *) |
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AVOGADRO_C = {6.022045e23 *molecule/mole};(* Avogadro's number of molecules *) |
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GRAVITY_C = {6.673e-11 * N*m*m/kg/kg}; (* Newtons gravitational constant *) |
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GAS_C = {BOLTZMAN_C*AVOGADRO_C}; (* Gas constant *) |
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INFINITY= {1.0e38}; (* damn big number *) |
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LIM_EXP= {709.78}; (* ln ( maxdouble ) *) |
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LIM_CUBE= {5.6438030941223618e101}; (* cbrt ( maxdouble ) *) |
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LIM_SQR= {1.0e154}; (* sqrt(maxdouble) *) |
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|
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(* The following were swiped from C <math.h> *) |
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M_E= {2.7182818284590452354E0}; (* base e *) |
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M_LOG2E= {1.4426950408889634074E0}; (* log2(e) *) |
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M_LOG10E= {4.3429448190325182765E-1}; (* log10(e) *) |
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M_LN2= {6.9314718055994530942E-1}; (* ln(2) *) |
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M_LN10= {2.3025850929940456840E0}; (* ln(10) *) |
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M_PI= {3.1415926535897932385E0}; (* as PI, but for consistency *) |
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M_PI_2= {1.5707963267948966192E0}; (* PI/2 *) |
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M_PI_4= {7.8539816339744830962E-1}; (* PI/4 *) |
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M_1_PI= {3.1830988618379067154E-1}; (* 1/PI *) |
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M_2_PI= {6.3661977236758134308E-1}; (* 2/PI *) |
| 402 |
M_2_SQRTPI= {1.1283791670955125739E0}; (* 2/sqrt(PI) *) |
| 403 |
M_SQRT2= {1.4142135623730950488E0}; (* sqrt(2) *) |
| 404 |
M_SQRT1_2= {7.0710678118654752440E-1}; (* 1/sqrt(2) *) |
| 405 |
|
| 406 |
eCHARGE = {1.602e-19*C}; (* Charge of an electron *) |
| 407 |
EARTH_G = {9.80665 * m/s/s}; (* Earth's gravitational field, somewhere *) |
| 408 |
eMASS = {9.1095e-31*kilogram}; (* Electron rest mass, I suppose *) |
| 409 |
pMASS = {1.67265e-27*kilogram}; (* Proton mass *) |
| 410 |
|
| 411 |
(* constant based conversions *) |
| 412 |
|
| 413 |
eV = {eCHARGE * V}; |
| 414 |
keV = {1000*eV}; |
| 415 |
MeV = {1e6*eV}; |
| 416 |
GeV = {1e9*eV}; |
| 417 |
TeV = {1e12*eV}; |
| 418 |
PeV = {1e15*eV}; |
| 419 |
EeV = {1e18*eV}; |
| 420 |
|
| 421 |
lyr = {LIGHT_C * yr}; (* Light-year *) |
| 422 |
|
| 423 |
oersted = {gauss/MU0}; |
| 424 |
|
| 425 |
(* subtly dimensionless measures *) |
| 426 |
|
| 427 |
rad = {radian}; |
| 428 |
srad = {steradian}; |
| 429 |
deg = {radian*1.74532925199433e-2}; |
| 430 |
degrees = {deg}; |
| 431 |
grad = {0.9*deg}; |
| 432 |
arcmin = {degrees/60.0}; |
| 433 |
arcsec = {arcmin/60.0}; |
| 434 |
|
| 435 |
(* light quantities *) |
| 436 |
|
| 437 |
cd = {candela}; |
| 438 |
lm = {candela*steradian}; |
| 439 |
lumen = {lm}; |
| 440 |
lx = {lm/meter^2}; |
| 441 |
lux= {lx}; |
| 442 |
|
| 443 |
(* misc rates *) |
| 444 |
|
| 445 |
gpm = {gallon/minute}; |
| 446 |
|
| 447 |
(* time variant conversions *) |
| 448 |
|
| 449 |
MINIMUMWAGE = {5.15*USD/hr}; (* Dec 2005, see http://www.dol.gov/ *) |
| 450 |
(* |
| 451 |
* conversions we'd like to see , but probably won't |
| 452 |
* milliHelen = {beauty/ship}; |
| 453 |
* Helen = {documentation/project}; |
| 454 |
*) |
| 455 |
END UNITS; |
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