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jpye |
2302 |
REQUIRE "johnpye/fprops/rankine_fprops.a4c"; |
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(*------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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REGENERATIVE RANKINE CYCLE |
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*) |
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(* |
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Add a boiler feedwater heater and two-stage turbine. |
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*) |
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MODEL rankine_regen_water; |
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BO IS_A boiler_simple; |
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TU1 IS_A turbine_simple; |
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BL IS_A tee; (* bleed *) |
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TU2 IS_A turbine_simple; |
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CO IS_A condenser_simple; |
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HE IS_A heater_open; |
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PU1 IS_A pump_simple; |
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PU2 IS_A pump_simple; |
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BO.cd.component :== 'water'; |
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jpye |
2692 |
BO.cd.type :== 'helmholtz'; |
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jpye |
2302 |
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(* main loop *) |
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BO.outlet, TU1.inlet ARE_THE_SAME; |
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TU1.outlet, BL.inlet ARE_THE_SAME; |
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BL.outlet, TU2.inlet ARE_THE_SAME; |
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TU2.outlet, CO.inlet ARE_THE_SAME; |
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CO.outlet, PU1.inlet ARE_THE_SAME; |
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PU1.outlet, HE.inlet ARE_THE_SAME; |
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HE.outlet, PU2.inlet ARE_THE_SAME; |
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PU2.outlet, BO.inlet ARE_THE_SAME; |
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(* bleed stream *) |
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BL.outlet_branch, HE.inlet_heat ARE_THE_SAME; |
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phi ALIASES BL.phi; |
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p_bleed ALIASES TU1.outlet.p; |
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p_bleed_ratio IS_A fraction; |
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p_bleed_ratio * (TU1.inlet.p - TU2.outlet.p) = (TU1.outlet.p - TU2.outlet.p); |
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mdot ALIASES BO.mdot; |
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cd ALIASES BO.inlet.cd; |
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T_H ALIASES BO.outlet.T; |
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T_C ALIASES CO.outlet.T; |
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eta IS_A fraction; |
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eta_eq:eta * (BO.Qdot_fuel) = TU1.Wdot + TU2.Wdot + PU1.Wdot + PU2.Wdot; |
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Wdot_TU1 ALIASES TU1.Wdot; |
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Wdot_TU2 ALIASES TU2.Wdot; |
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Wdot_PU1 ALIASES PU1.Wdot; |
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Wdot_PU2 ALIASES PU2.Wdot; |
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Qdot_fuel ALIASES BO.Qdot_fuel; |
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eta_carnot IS_A fraction; |
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eta_carnot_eq: eta_carnot = 1 - T_C / T_H; |
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eta_turb_tot IS_A fraction; |
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TU_out_is IS_A stream_state; |
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TU_out_is.cd, TU1.inlet.cd ARE_THE_SAME; |
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TU_out_is.p, TU2.outlet.p ARE_THE_SAME; |
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TU_out_is.s, TU1.inlet.s ARE_THE_SAME; |
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eta_turb_eq:eta_turb_tot * (TU1.inlet.h - TU_out_is.h) = (TU1.inlet.h - TU2.outlet.h); |
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(* some checking output... *) |
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phi_weston IS_A fraction; |
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phi_weston_eq:phi_weston * (TU1.outlet.h - PU1.outlet.h) = (PU2.inlet.h - PU1.outlet.h); |
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phi_eq:phi_weston = phi; |
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q_a IS_A specific_energy; |
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q_a_eq: q_a = TU1.inlet.h - PU2.outlet.h; |
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Wdot IS_A energy_rate; |
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Wdot_eq: Wdot = TU1.Wdot + TU2.Wdot + PU1.Wdot + PU2.Wdot; |
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cons_en: HE.inlet.mdot * HE.inlet.h + HE.inlet_heat.mdot * HE.inlet_heat.h = HE.outlet.mdot * HE.outlet.h; |
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x_turb_out ALIASES TU2.outlet.x; |
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METHODS |
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METHOD default_self; |
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RUN BO.default_self; |
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RUN TU1.default_self; |
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jpye |
2692 |
RUN BL.default_self; |
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jpye |
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RUN TU2.default_self; |
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RUN CO.default_self; |
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jpye |
2692 |
RUN HE.default_self; |
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jpye |
2302 |
RUN PU1.default_self; |
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RUN PU2.default_self; |
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jpye |
2692 |
RUN TU_out_is.default_self; |
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jpye |
2302 |
BO.outlet.h := 4000 {kJ/kg}; |
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p_bleed := 37 {bar}; |
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TU1.outlet.h := 2300 {kJ/kg}; |
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BL.cons_mass.included := FALSE; |
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(*HE.cons_mass.included := FALSE;*) |
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HE.cons_en.included := FALSE; |
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cons_en.included := FALSE; |
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HE.inlet.v := 100 {m^3/kg}; |
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HE.inlet.p.nominal := 40 {bar}; |
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HE.inlet.v.nominal := 1 {L/kg}; |
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HE.inlet.h.nominal := 100 {kJ/kg}; |
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END default_self; |
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METHOD solarpaces2010; |
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RUN ClearAll; |
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RUN default_self; |
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(* component efficiencies *) |
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FIX BO.eta; BO.eta := 1.0; |
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FIX TU1.eta; TU1.eta := 0.85; |
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FIX TU2.eta; TU2.eta := 0.85; |
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FIX PU1.eta; PU1.eta := 0.8; |
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FIX PU2.eta; PU2.eta := 0.8; |
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FIX Wdot; Wdot := 100 {MW}; |
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(* |
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(* FIX CO.outlet.p; CO.outlet.p := 10 {kPa};*) |
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FIX CO.outlet.T; CO.outlet.T := 40 {K} + 273.15 {K}; |
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FIX CO.outlet.x; CO.outlet.x := 1e-6; |
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FIX PU1.outlet.p; PU1.outlet.p := 7 {bar}; |
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FIX PU2.outlet.p; PU2.outlet.p := 150 {bar}; |
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PU2.outlet.p.upper_bound := 150 {bar}; |
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FIX BO.outlet.T; BO.outlet.T := 580 {K} + 273.15 {K}; |
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*) |
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(* turbine conditions *) |
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FIX TU1.inlet.p; TU1.inlet.p := 150 {bar}; |
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FIX TU1.inlet.T; TU1.inlet.T := 580 {K} + 273.15 {K}; |
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jpye |
2303 |
FIX TU1.outlet.p; TU1.outlet.p := 10.3 {bar}; |
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jpye |
2302 |
FIX CO.outlet.T; CO.outlet.T := 40 {K} + 273.15 {K}; |
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(* heater conditions *) |
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TU2.outlet.p := 10 {kPa}; |
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(* FIX HE.outlet.p; HE.outlet.p := 0.7 {MPa}; *) |
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FIX CO.outlet.x; CO.outlet.x := 1e-6; |
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FIX HE.outlet.x; HE.outlet.x := 1e-6; |
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END solarpaces2010; |
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METHOD on_load; |
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RUN solarpaces2010; |
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(* |
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This model needs to be solved using QRSlv with convopt set to 'RELNOMSCALE'. |
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*) |
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SOLVER QRSlv; |
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OPTION convopt 'RELNOM_SCALE'; |
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OPTION iterationlimit 400; |
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END on_load; |
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jpye |
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METHOD set_x_limit_correct_turb; |
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jpye |
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FREE PU2.outlet.p; |
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PU2.outlet.p.upper_bound := 150 {bar}; |
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FIX TU2.outlet.x; TU2.outlet.x := 0.9; |
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jpye |
2303 |
(* a little corrctn to ensure we're comparing the same *overall* turbine eff *) |
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FREE TU1.eta; |
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TU2.eta := 0.823; |
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FIX eta_turb_tot; eta_turb_tot := 0.85; |
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jpye |
2307 |
END set_x_limit_correct_turb; |
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jpye |
2302 |
METHOD cycle_plot; |
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EXTERNAL cycle_plot_rankine_regen2(SELF); |
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END cycle_plot; |
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METHOD moran_ex_8_5; |
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RUN default_self; |
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(* |
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This is Example 8.5 from Moran and Shapiro, 'Fundamentals of |
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Engineering Thermodynamics', 4th Ed. |
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*) |
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RUN ClearAll; |
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(* component efficiencies *) |
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FIX BO.eta; BO.eta := 1.0; |
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FIX TU1.eta; TU1.eta := 0.85; |
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FIX TU2.eta; TU2.eta := 0.85; |
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FIX PU1.eta; PU1.eta := 1.0; |
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FIX PU2.eta; PU2.eta := 1.0; |
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(* turbine conditions *) |
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FIX TU1.inlet.p; TU1.inlet.p := 8. {MPa}; |
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FIX TU1.inlet.T; TU1.inlet.T := 480 {K} + 273.15 {K}; |
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FIX TU1.outlet.p; TU1.outlet.p := 0.7 {MPa}; |
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FIX TU2.outlet.p; TU2.outlet.p := 0.008 {MPa}; |
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(* heater conditions *) |
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(* FIX HE.outlet.p; HE.outlet.p := 0.7 {MPa}; *) |
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FIX CO.outlet.x; CO.outlet.x := 0.0001; |
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FIX HE.outlet.x; HE.outlet.x := 0.0001; |
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FIX Wdot; Wdot := 100 {MW}; |
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END moran_ex_8_5; |
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METHOD self_test; |
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(* solution values to the Moran & Shapiro example 8.5 problem *) |
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ASSERT abs(eta - 0.369) < 0.001; |
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ASSERT abs((TU1.Wdot+TU2.Wdot)/mdot - 984.4{kJ/kg}) < 1 {kJ/kg}; |
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ASSERT abs(mdot - 3.69e5 {kg/h}) < 0.05e5 {kg/h}; |
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ASSERT abs(CO.inlet.h - 2249.3 {kJ/kg}) < 1.0 {kJ/kg}; |
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END self_test; |
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METHOD weston_ex_2_6; |
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(* |
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The scenario here is example 2.6 from K Weston (op. cit.), p. 55. |
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*) |
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RUN ClearAll; |
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(* all ideal components *) |
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FIX BO.eta; BO.eta := 1.0; |
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FIX TU1.eta; TU1.eta := 1.0; |
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FIX TU2.eta; TU2.eta := 1.0; |
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FIX PU1.eta; PU1.eta := 1.0; |
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FIX PU2.eta; PU2.eta := 1.0; |
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(* mass flow rate is arbitrary *) |
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FIX mdot; |
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mdot := 10 {kg/s}; |
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(* max pressure constraint *) |
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FIX PU2.outlet.p; |
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PU2.outlet.p := 2000 {psi}; |
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PU2.outlet.h := 1400 {btu/lbm}; (* guess *) |
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(* boiler max temp *) |
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FIX BO.outlet.T; |
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BO.outlet.T := 1460 {R}; |
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BO.outlet.h := 1400 {btu/lbm}; (* guess *) |
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(* intermediate temperature setting *) |
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FIX TU1.outlet.p; |
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TU1.outlet.p := 200 {psi}; |
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(* FIX TU1.outlet.T; |
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TU1.outlet.T := 860 {R}; (* 400 °F *) |
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TU1.outlet.h := 3000 {kJ/kg}; (* guess *) *) |
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(* minimum pressure constraint *) |
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FIX CO.outlet.p; |
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CO.outlet.p := 1 {psi}; |
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(* condenser outlet is saturated liquid *) |
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FIX CO.outlet.h; |
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CO.outlet.h := 69.73 {btu/lbm}; |
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(* remove the redundant balance equations *) |
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HE.cons_mass.included := TRUE; |
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HE.cons_en.included := TRUE; |
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BL.cons_mass.included := FALSE; |
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phi_weston_eq.included := TRUE; |
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phi_eq.included := FALSE; |
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cons_en.included := FALSE; |
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(* fix the bleed ratio *) |
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FIX BL.phi; |
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BL.phi := 0.251; |
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(* FIX BL.outlet.h; |
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BL.outlet.h := 355.5 {btu/lbm}; *) |
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(** |
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these values seem to be from another problem, need to check which ... |
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ASSERT abs(TU1.inlet.s - 1.5603 {btu/lbm/R}) < 0.01 {btu/lbm/R}; |
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ASSERT abs(TU1.outlet.s - 1.5603 {btu/lbm/R}) < 0.01 {btu/lbm/R}; |
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ASSERT abs(TU2.outlet.s - 1.5603 {btu/lbm/R}) < 0.01 {btu/lbm/R}; |
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ASSERT abs(PU1.inlet.s - 0.1326 {btu/lbm/R}) < 0.001 {btu/lbm/R}; |
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ASSERT abs(PU1.outlet.s - 0.1326 {btu/lbm/R}) < 0.002 {btu/lbm/R}; |
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ASSERT abs(PU2.inlet.s - 0.5438 {btu/lbm/R}) < 0.002 {btu/lbm/R}; |
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ASSERT abs(PU2.outlet.s - 0.5438 {btu/lbm/R}) < 0.002 {btu/lbm/R}; |
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ASSERT abs(TU1.inlet.h - 1474.1 {btu/lbm}) < 1.5 {btu/lbm}; |
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ASSERT abs(TU1.outlet.h - 1210.0 {btu/lbm}) < 1.5 {btu/lbm}; |
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ASSERT abs(TU2.outlet.h - 871.0 {btu/lbm}) < 1.5 {btu/lbm}; |
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ASSERT abs(PU1.inlet.h - 69.73 {btu/lbm}) < 0.001 {btu/lbm}; |
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ASSERT abs(PU1.outlet.h - 69.73 {btu/lbm}) < 1.0 {btu/lbm}; |
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ASSERT abs(PU2.inlet.h - 355.5 {btu/lbm}) < 1.5 {btu/lbm}; |
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ASSERT abs(PU2.outlet.h - 355.5 {btu/lbm}) < 8 {btu/lbm}; |
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ASSERT abs(w_net - 518.1 {btu/lbm}) < 0.3 {btu/lbm}; |
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ASSERT abs(w_net * mdot - (TU1.Wdot + TU2.Wdot)) < 1 {W}; |
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ASSERT abs(q_a - 1118.6 {btu/lbm}) < 7 {btu/lbm}; |
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ASSERT abs(eta - 0.463) < 0.003; |
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| 269 |
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ASSERT abs(phi - 0.251) < 0.001; |
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*) |
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END weston_ex_2_6; |
| 272 |
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END rankine_regen_water; |
| 273 |
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| 274 |
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| 275 |
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MODEL rankine_regen_common; |
| 276 |
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BO IS_A boiler_simple; |
| 277 |
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TU IS_A turbine_simple; |
| 278 |
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CO IS_A condenser_simple; |
| 279 |
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HE IS_A heater_closed; |
| 280 |
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PU IS_A pump_simple; |
| 281 |
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| 282 |
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(* main loop *) |
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BO.outlet, TU.inlet ARE_THE_SAME; |
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TU.outlet, HE.inlet_heat ARE_THE_SAME; |
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HE.outlet_heat, CO.inlet ARE_THE_SAME; |
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CO.outlet, PU.inlet ARE_THE_SAME; |
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PU.outlet, HE.inlet ARE_THE_SAME; |
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HE.outlet, BO.inlet ARE_THE_SAME; |
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mdot ALIASES BO.mdot; |
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cd ALIASES BO.inlet.cd; |
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T_H ALIASES BO.outlet.T; |
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T_C ALIASES CO.outlet.T; |
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eta IS_A fraction; |
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eta_eq:eta * (BO.Qdot_fuel) = TU.Wdot + PU.Wdot; |
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| 299 |
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Wdot_TU ALIASES TU.Wdot; |
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Wdot_PU ALIASES PU.Wdot; |
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Qdot_fuel ALIASES BO.Qdot_fuel; |
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| 303 |
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eta_carnot IS_A fraction; |
| 304 |
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eta_carnot_eq: eta_carnot = 1 - T_C / T_H; |
| 305 |
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Wdot IS_A energy_rate; |
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Wdot_eq: Wdot = TU.Wdot + PU.Wdot; |
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jpye |
2303 |
T_ci ALIASES HE.inlet.T; |
| 310 |
|
|
T_co ALIASES HE.outlet.T; |
| 311 |
|
|
T_hi ALIASES HE.inlet_heat.T; |
| 312 |
|
|
T_ho ALIASES HE.outlet_heat.T; |
| 313 |
|
|
|
| 314 |
jpye |
2302 |
DE_cycle "cycle energy balance, should be zero" IS_A energy_rate; |
| 315 |
|
|
DE_cycle = BO.Qdot + CO.Qdot - TU.Wdot - PU.Wdot; |
| 316 |
|
|
|
| 317 |
|
|
x_turb_out ALIASES TU.outlet.x; |
| 318 |
|
|
METHODS |
| 319 |
|
|
METHOD default_self; |
| 320 |
|
|
RUN BO.default_self; |
| 321 |
|
|
RUN TU.default_self; |
| 322 |
|
|
RUN CO.default_self; |
| 323 |
|
|
RUN PU.default_self; |
| 324 |
|
|
RUN HE.default_self; |
| 325 |
jpye |
2304 |
HE.cons_mass_heat.included := FALSE; |
| 326 |
jpye |
2302 |
END default_self; |
| 327 |
|
|
METHOD cycle_plot; |
| 328 |
|
|
EXTERNAL cycle_plot_rankine_regen1(SELF); |
| 329 |
|
|
END cycle_plot; |
| 330 |
jpye |
2303 |
METHOD heater_plot; |
| 331 |
|
|
EXTERNAL heater_closed_plot(SELF); |
| 332 |
jpye |
2307 |
END heater_plot; |
| 333 |
jpye |
2302 |
END rankine_regen_common; |
| 334 |
|
|
|
| 335 |
jpye |
2303 |
|
| 336 |
jpye |
2302 |
MODEL rankine_regen_toluene REFINES rankine_regen_common; |
| 337 |
|
|
BO.cd.component :== 'toluene'; |
| 338 |
jpye |
2673 |
BO.cd.type :== 'helmholtz'; |
| 339 |
jpye |
2307 |
HE.inlet_heat.T = HE.outlet.T + 33 {K}; |
| 340 |
|
|
(* HE.outlet_heat.T = HE.inlet.T + 12 {K};*) |
| 341 |
jpye |
2302 |
METHODS |
| 342 |
|
|
METHOD on_load; |
| 343 |
jpye |
2304 |
RUN default_self; |
| 344 |
jpye |
2307 |
FIX BO.outlet.T; BO.outlet.T := 375. {K} + 273.15 {K}; (* lowered for toluene *) |
| 345 |
jpye |
2302 |
FIX PU.outlet.p; PU.outlet.p := 150 {bar}; |
| 346 |
|
|
FIX CO.outlet.T; CO.outlet.T := 40 {K} + 273.15 {K}; |
| 347 |
|
|
FIX CO.outlet.x; CO.outlet.x := 1e-6; |
| 348 |
jpye |
2304 |
FIX Wdot; Wdot := 100 {MW}; |
| 349 |
jpye |
2302 |
|
| 350 |
|
|
FIX BO.eta; BO.eta := 1.0; |
| 351 |
|
|
FIX TU.eta; TU.eta := 0.85; |
| 352 |
|
|
FIX PU.eta; PU.eta := 0.8; |
| 353 |
|
|
|
| 354 |
|
|
SOLVER QRSlv; |
| 355 |
|
|
OPTION convopt 'RELNOM_SCALE'; |
| 356 |
|
|
OPTION iterationlimit 200; |
| 357 |
|
|
END on_load; |
| 358 |
|
|
METHOD default_self; |
| 359 |
|
|
RUN rankine_regen_common::default_self; |
| 360 |
|
|
PU.inlet.h := 400 {kJ/kg}; |
| 361 |
|
|
BO.outlet.h := 400 {kJ/kg}; |
| 362 |
|
|
CO.outlet.h := 400 {kJ/kg}; |
| 363 |
|
|
CO.outlet.p := 10 {kPa}; |
| 364 |
|
|
END default_self; |
| 365 |
|
|
END rankine_regen_toluene; |
| 366 |
|
|
|
| 367 |
|
|
|
| 368 |
jpye |
2303 |
MODEL rankine_regen_ammonia REFINES rankine_regen_common; |
| 369 |
|
|
BO.cd.component :== 'ammonia'; |
| 370 |
jpye |
2673 |
BO.cd.type :== 'helmholtz'; |
| 371 |
jpye |
2303 |
METHODS |
| 372 |
|
|
METHOD on_load; |
| 373 |
jpye |
2304 |
RUN default_self; |
| 374 |
jpye |
2303 |
FIX BO.outlet.T; BO.outlet.T := 580 {K} + 273.15 {K}; |
| 375 |
|
|
FIX PU.outlet.p; PU.outlet.p := 150 {bar}; |
| 376 |
|
|
FIX CO.outlet.T; CO.outlet.T := 40 {K} + 273.15 {K}; |
| 377 |
|
|
FIX CO.outlet.x; CO.outlet.x := 1e-6; |
| 378 |
|
|
FIX HE.outlet.T; HE.outlet.T := 150.1 {K} + 273.15 {K}; |
| 379 |
jpye |
2304 |
FIX Wdot; Wdot := 100 {MW}; |
| 380 |
jpye |
2303 |
|
| 381 |
|
|
FIX BO.eta; BO.eta := 1.0; |
| 382 |
|
|
FIX TU.eta; TU.eta := 0.85; |
| 383 |
|
|
FIX PU.eta; PU.eta := 0.8; |
| 384 |
jpye |
2302 |
|
| 385 |
jpye |
2303 |
SOLVER QRSlv; |
| 386 |
|
|
OPTION convopt 'RELNOM_SCALE'; |
| 387 |
|
|
OPTION iterationlimit 200; |
| 388 |
|
|
END on_load; |
| 389 |
|
|
METHOD default_self; |
| 390 |
|
|
RUN rankine_regen_common::default_self; |
| 391 |
|
|
PU.inlet.h := 400 {kJ/kg}; |
| 392 |
|
|
BO.outlet.h := 400 {kJ/kg}; |
| 393 |
|
|
CO.outlet.h := 400 {kJ/kg}; |
| 394 |
|
|
CO.outlet.p := 10 {kPa}; |
| 395 |
|
|
END default_self; |
| 396 |
|
|
END rankine_regen_ammonia; |
| 397 |
jpye |
2302 |
|
| 398 |
jpye |
2303 |
|
| 399 |
|
|
|
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